A HISTORY OF THE CRUSADES (2024)

The Crusades and Visual Culture

The Crusades and Visual Culture, 2017

The Crusades and Visual Culture eds. Elizabeth Lapina, April Jehan Morris, Susanna A. Throop, and Laura J. Whatley (review)

Crusader art in the Holy Land, from the Third Crusade to the fall of Acre, 1187-1291

2005

This book tells the story of the Architecture and the Figural Art produced for the Crusaders after the battle of Hattin and the fall of Jerusalem in 1187, during the one hundred years that Acre was the capital of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1191-1291. It is an art sponsored by kings and queens, patriarchs and bishops, clergy, monks, friars, knights and soldiers, aristocrats and merchants, all men and women of means, who came as pilgrims, Crusaders, settlers, and men of commerce to the Holy Land. The artists are Franks and Italians born and/or resident in the Holy Land, Westerners who traveled to the Latin East, Eastern Christians, and even Muslims, who worked for Crusader patrons.

Castles in the Sand: Fortifications of the Early Crusades

This term paper explores the construction of crusader castles built in the Holy Land during the first four Crusades. It briefly examines how these castles were both similar to and different from their European counterparts, and how their design and construction was influenced by local geography and culture. This document and its contents are the sole property of the author and may not be reprinted or copied without permission. (Just ask.)

Fleck, C. "The Crusader Loss of Jerusalem in the Eyes of a Thirteenth-Century Virtual Pilgrim, “The Crusades and Visual Culture," International Medieval Congress, Leeds, England, 9 July 2012.

History 2615: Age of Crusades

“Art and Identity in the Medieval Morea,” in The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World, ed. A. Laiou and R. Mottahedeh (Washington, D.C., 2001), 263-85.

The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and …

SHAPING IDENTITIES IN A HOLY LAND. CRUSADER ART IN THE LATIN KINGDOM OF JERUSALEM: PATRONS AND VIEWERS

SHAPING IDENTITIES IN A HOLY LAND. CRUSADER ART IN THE LATIN KINGDOM OF JERUSALEM: PATRONS AND VIEWERS, 2024

In the 88 years between its establishment by the victorious armies of the First Crusade and its collapse following the disastrous defeat at Hattin, the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem was the site of vibrant artistic and architectural activity. As the crusaders rebuilt some of Christendom's most sacred churches, or embellished others with murals and mosaics, a unique and highly original art was created. Focusing on the sculptural, mosaic, and mural cycles adorning some of the most important shrines in the Kingdom (such as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, The Basilica of the Annunciation, and the Church of the Nativity), this book offers a broad perspective of Crusader art and architecture. Among the many aspects discussed are competition among pilgrimage sites, crusader manipulation of biblical models, the image of the Muslim, and others. Building on recent developments in the fields of patronage studies and reception theory, the book offers a study of the complex ways in which Crusader art addressed its diverse audiences (Franks, indigenous eastern Christians, pilgrims) while serving the intentions of its patrons. Of particular interest to scholars and students of the Crusades and of Crusader art, as well as scholars and students of medieval art in general, this book will appeal to all those engaging with intercultural encounters, acculturation, Christian-Muslim relations, pilgrimage, the Holy Land, medieval devotion and theology, Byzantine art, reception theory and medieval patronage. Gil Fishhof teaches medieval and Crusader art at the Department of Art History, University of Haifa. His main areas of expertise are Romanesque art and architecture in France, art in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, art of the Cluniac order, and questions of medieval patronage and audiences. Together with Einat Segal and Assaf Pinkus, he has recently published the edited volume The Basilica of the Annunciation in Nazareth-Where the Word Became Flesh (2020), and with Vardit Shoten-Hallel and Judith Bronstein the volume Settlement and Crusade in the 13th Century-Multidisciplinary Studies of the Latin East (2021).

Jerusalem as Palimpsest. The Architectural Footprint of the Crusaders in the Contemporary City

In: Jeroen Goudeau, Mariëtte Verhoeven & Wouter Weijers (Eds.), The Imagined and Real Jerusalem in Art and Architecture (Radboud Studies in Humanities 2), Leiden: Brill publishers, pp. 114-135. , 2014

Reconstructing and remoulding the past architecturally is the subject of this paper. Verhoeven concentrates on the stone remnants of Crusader architecture in contemporary Jerusalem. Instead of reconstructing their original form, seven key monuments, starting with the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, are considered as multilayered objects that have been subject to constant change. Verhoeven shows the different mechanisms by which buildings can acquire new meanings or can undergo radical changes that involve specific values. In each subsequent intervention a new layer to the city and its history has been added while the older layers remain visible. As visible witnesses of the past these buildings pass down the narrative of the turbulent history of Jerusalem.

“The Making of the Saracenic Style: the Crusades and Medieval Architecture in the British Imagination of the 18th and 19th centuries”, in The Crusades: Other Experiences, Alternate Perspectives, Binghantom, 2003, pp.115-140.

For more information of the theories of an Eastern/Arab/Moorish/Saracen origin of the Gothic please see my other publication "The Gothic-Moorish Cathedral".